The printing of maps
My talk will outline the basic printing processes used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for the printing of maps. These fall into basically three categories: relief, intaglio and planographic. Within the appropriate category I will explain the processes of wood-cut and wood-engraving, process line blocks, half-tones; copper engraving, etching, photo-and rotogravure; stone lithography, offset lithography and colour printing techniques from hand-colouring to four-colour process. The intention is that this will provide a useful aid to the identification of printing processes particularly in relation to map production. I will stress how printed images, including maps, are constrained by the marks made by the tools and the materials used to create the printing surface. The talk will be illustrated but also involve a hands-on look at artifacts – printing blocks, stones and plates etc.
Dyson, A., Pictures into print: the nineteenth-century engraving trade (London, 1984)
Gascoigne, Bamber, How to identify prints (London: Thames & Hudson, 1986)
Gaskell, Philip, A new introduction to bibliography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992; Newcastle: Oak Knoll, 1996 reprint)
Griffiths, Antony, Prints and printmaking (London: British Museum, 1980)
Steinberg, S.H., Five hundred years of printing (London: British Library and New Castle: Oak Knoll, 1996), new edition, revised by John Trevitt
Twyman, Michael, Lithography 1800-1850 (London: Oxford University Press, 1970)
Twyman, Michael, Printing, 1770-1970 (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1970; reprinted London and Reading, 1998, with revised bibliography)
Twyman, Michael, The British Library guide to printing history and techniques (London: British Library, 1998)
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